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Here’s a curious thought about Little Dopamine and Big Dopamine. We look at our little phones and we think, how can that be Big Dopamine? But it is Big Dopamine. We’re hooked in, we’re addicted.  Look, even smaller. Look how small, like, a little shot of heroin is. Or evenContinue Reading

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Here’s a thought: in an environment like the Galapagos, where finches adapt to changing conditions—beaks growing longer or shorter, thinner or wider—they eventually converge back, moving from many species to just a few.  This “fission-fusion” dynamic, as it is called, is not evolutionary. Adaptation transitions into evolution when the creatureContinue Reading

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All rituals, religious, celebratory, or personal, have symbols, actions, and meanings that gather to them over time. Costumes, songs, chants, dances, and all sorts of qualiadelic paraphernalia cling to them, seemingly making the whole greater than the sum of its parts.  But at the beginning, ritual doesn’t have all thatContinue Reading