Qualia is not metaphysical. As Voltaire pointed out, metaphysicists have been arguing for thousands of years about metaphysical properties, and they’ve never been able to convince one another of anything. But all we have to do is look to ecosystems and evolution to see how qualia is presented to theContinue Reading

Obviously, routine needs to change sometimes. Indeed, traditions need to change sometimes. But traditions exist in history. So we don’t necessarily lose tradition. If we stop following one, it still stays in our cultural genes, just the way atavistic DNA does, to be resurrected when needed.  That is why weContinue Reading

A quite remarkable way to differentiate ecosystems from the human landscape is that ecosystems do not facilitate addictions. Certainly, in ecosystems, there are seasons of plenty when Big Dopamine runs high, but they do not last long, and the creatures of the forests and the seas and even the desertsContinue Reading