Here’s a thought: in an environment like the Galapagos, where finches adapt to changing conditions—beaks growing longer or shorter, thinner or wider—they eventually converge back, moving from many species to just a few.  This “fission-fusion” dynamic, as it is called, is not evolutionary. Adaptation transitions into evolution when the creatureContinue Reading

All rituals, religious, celebratory, or personal, have symbols, actions, and meanings that gather to them over time. Costumes, songs, chants, dances, and all sorts of qualiadelic paraphernalia cling to them, seemingly making the whole greater than the sum of its parts.  But at the beginning, ritual doesn’t have all thatContinue Reading

Qualia is both philosophical and spiritual.  It’s philosophical because it has to do with consciousness, how we perceive the world and who or what we are, and how to live a good life.  And it’s spiritual because it pertains to the unseen part of the world, to the part ofContinue Reading